About the Author
Peptide Science 101 is written and medically reviewed by William Ashford, MD, an orthopedic surgeon and sports-medicine specialist in Athens, Georgia. Every article on this site is intended to translate peer-reviewed peptide research into plain, honest language — with no products to sell.
Why this site exists
Peptides such as BPC-157, the GLP-1 agonists, and a growing list of "recovery" and "longevity" compounds are among the most searched — and most misrepresented — topics in health today. In my orthopedic and sports-medicine practice, patients regularly ask about compounds they have seen marketed online, often with claims that run far ahead of the evidence.
I built Peptide Science 101 as an independent, non-commercial reference so that patients, athletes, and curious readers can find a clear-eyed summary of what the research actually shows, what remains unproven, and where the regulatory lines currently sit — separate from anyone trying to sell them something.
About William Ashford, MD
Dr. Ashford is an orthopedic surgeon and sports-medicine specialist practicing at Arch Orthopedic and Spine in the Athens, Georgia area. He earned his medical degree at Georgetown University School of Medicine and completed fellowship training in sports medicine at Emory University School of Medicine, working alongside internationally recognized knee, shoulder, and foot-and-ankle surgeons.
Over his career he has cared for elite athletes, including athletes affiliated with the NFL and NBA, and treats the full range of musculoskeletal conditions of the hip, knee, ankle, shoulder, elbow, and hand — from arthritis and rotator-cuff disease to tendon and ligament injuries. That clinical focus on tissue healing and recovery is what drew him to the peptide literature in the first place.
Dr. Ashford writes and reviews this site in a personal educational capacity. Content here reflects his reading of the published literature and does not represent Arch Orthopedic and Spine or any affiliated institution.
Editorial standards
- Evidence hierarchy. We distinguish clearly between preclinical (cell and animal) findings, early human data, and established clinical evidence. Promising is not the same as proven, and we say so.
- Cited sourcing. Claims are linked to peer-reviewed literature (PubMed/DOI), regulatory documents, or registered clinical trials — or are clearly labeled as emerging or anecdotal.
- Regulatory clarity. We note current U.S. regulatory status (FDA approval, 503A/503B compounding, or research-only) and flag that this status changes over time and varies by country.
- 100% non-commercial. Peptide Science 101 sells no supplements, research chemicals, or clinical services, and earns no commission on any product.
- Corrections. If you believe something here is inaccurate or out of date, we will review the evidence and correct it promptly.
Medical disclaimer
This website is for general educational purposes only and is not medical advice. It does not create a doctor–patient relationship and is not a substitute for diagnosis or treatment by a licensed clinician who knows your history. Many peptides discussed here are not FDA-approved for human use. Do not start, stop, or change any therapy based on this site — talk with your own physician first.